Reunion Information
Patch
Unit Details

Strength
USMC Squadron
Type
Aviation
 
Year
1984 - Present
 

Description
Marine Heavy Helicopter Squadron 466
MUC 30Nov84-1Dec86
NUC 14Aug90-16Apr91 SU I MEF
MUC 09Aug00-06May02 SU 1st MAW
NUC 1Jan03-31May03 SU III MEF & MCB Japan
NUC 02Aug04-01Feb05 SU I MEF
NUC 15Apr07-5Nov07 SU II MEF (FWD)
NUC 28Feb06-9Feb07 SU I MEF (FWD)
NUC 9Feb09-14Apr09 SU II MEF (FWD)
Detachment

MUC 15Jun-18Dec87 SU 13th MEU (4Aug85-18Dec87)
Detachment MUC 1Jul98-15Oct98 SU HMM 262
JMUA 5Dec92-4May93 SU Unified TF Somalia "RESTORE HOPE"
 

Marine Heavy Helicopter Squadron 466 (HMH-466), the â??Wolfpack,â?? was commissioned on 30 November 1984, as the Marine Corpsâ?? third, and Marine Aircraft Group 16â??s (MAG-16), second CH-53E squadron. By December 1984, the squadron was 180 Marines strong and growing, and had accepted two of sixteen CH-53E Super Stallion helicopters from Sikorsky Aircraft Company in Stratford, Connecticut.

The Wolfpack conducted its first operation flight on 19 December 1984, and by 30 June 1985, the squadron had accepted eleven of its sixteen aircraft. In its first seven months as an operational squadron, HMH-466 had flown 1100 hours, carried 1000 passengers, and lifted 175,000 pounds of cargo. Delivery of aircraft continued until 5 August of 1985, when the squadron received its sixteenth CH-53E.

In the past 28 years, the Wolfpack has participated in thirteen Marine Expeditionary Unit, Special Operations Capable (MEU (SOC)) deployments and has been the recipient of many prestigious awards, including the Secretary of Defense (SECDEF) Phoenix Award for outstanding maintenance (1987), the Fleet Marine Force Pacific (FMFPAC) Annual Aviation Safety Award (1986), the Mike Yunck Award for the best overall squadron in the Third Marine Aircraft Wing (3d MAW) (1988,1999,2011), a Joint Meritorious Unit Award (1993), the Meritorious Unit Citation (MUC) (1986,1987,1998,2002,2010), the Navy and Marine Corps Unit Commendation (NUC) (1991,2003,2005,2007,2009), the Presidential Unit Commendation (PUC) (2010), the Keith B. McCutcheon Award for Heavy Lift Squadron of the Year (1999, 2006,2010), and the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) Aviation Safety Award (1999,2004,2005,2006,2009,2012).

When Iraq invaded Kuwait in August of 1990, the Wolfpack became the first CH-53E squadron to deploy to Saudi Arabia. While in support of operations DESERT SHIELD and DESERT STORM, HMH-466 recovered downed aircraft, conducted the first Night Vision Goggle (NVG) troop insertion, and provided heavy lift support from port facilities to staging areas in preparation for the ground phase of the operation. Upon cessation of hostilities, the Wolfpack returned to Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) Tustin having sustained no losses of personnel or aircraft.

In May of 1992, the Wolfpack embarked upon its first Unit Deployment Program (UDP) to MAG-36, MCAS Futenma, Okinawa, Japan and became the second CH-53E squadron deployed to the Western Pacific. In addition, the squadron detached four aircraft to Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron 161 (HMM-161) in support of the 11th MEU (SOC). In November 1992, HMH-466 returned to MAG-16 thus concluding the first of many extremely successful six-month UDP rotations.

From December 1992 to March 1993, the Wolfpack detached four aircraft to Somalia in support of Operation RESTORE HOPE. In November 1993, the squadron celebrated its ninth birthday. During this month, the Wolfpack attained 25,000 flight hours, becoming the only CH-53E squadron to reach this class â??Aâ?? mishap-free milestone. The squadron again deployed to the Western Pacific in May 1994, detaching four aircraft to both HMM-161 and HMM-262 in support of the 15th and 31st MEU (SOC)s, respectively.

On 29 May 1995, the Wolfpack became the first Marine Corps CH-53E squadron to exceed 30,000 mishap-free flight hours. During October 1995, the Wolfpack detached four aircraft to HMM-163 in support of the 13th MEU (SOC) while the main body of the squadron departed for Okinawa, Japan in May of 1996. During the deployment a CH-53E Fleet wide grounding for faulty main rotor head swash plates kept the squadron hard at work rebuilding eight aircraft. Upon the completion of the UDP in November of 1996, the squadron returned to MCAS Tustin.

Following a successful Okinawa deployment, the Wolfpack continued to support Marine Corps forces throughout the continental United States (CONUS). In january and February of 1997, the Wolfpack supported various units at the Mountain Warfare Training Center (MWTC) in Bridgeport, California. October was spent at 29 Palms, California, supporting the Combined Arms Exercise (CAX), and December concluded with the squadron focused on preparations for the next deployment to Okinawa.

With another UDP under way, the squadron also supported three separate MEU (SOC)s with detachments stretched across the globe. In conjunction with the Base Realignment and Closure Commission (BRAC) direction, the squadron relocated from MCAS Tustin to MCAS Miramar following their return from UDP.

In February of 2000 the Wolfpack again detached four aircraft to the 13th MEU (SOC). Deploying with HMM-161 aboard the USS Tarawa the detachment performed missions in East Timor, as well as supporting the withdrawal of the USS Cole from the Persian Gulf after the ship was attached by terrorist while at port in Yemen.

Throughout 2001, the Wolfpack participated in three CAXs and supported two Weapons and Tactics Instructor Courses (WTI). In may of 2001 the Wolfpack also supported President Bush during his first visit to California as President. Later that year, the squadron shifted its focus to aircrew training for the upcoming 11th MEU (SOC) detachment as well as another UDP to Okinawa in June of 2002.

The UDP proved to be a diverse deployment for the squadron. Flying across the Western Pacific rim, the heavy lift community was well represented by the Wolfpack in operations such as BALAKITAN in the Philippines and COBRA GOLD in Thailand. Upon its return to MCAS Miramar in July of 2003, the Wolfpack had completed a thirteen month deployment, the longest in squadron history.

In August 2003, the Wolfpack supported HMX-1 and President Bush during his visit to Los Alamitos, California and later in the year provided six aircraft and the requisite maintainers to support WTI 1-04.

Tragedy struck the San Diego community in October of 2003, as 400,000 acres of land were burned by wildfires. Rising to help the community, the Wolfpack launched six aircraft, each carrying 1320 gallon water buckets, to provide much needed assistance to beleaguered fire fighters as they quelled the expansive blaze.

December was a month of preparation as the squadron set its eyes on training. Spending time in Indian Springs, Nevada and Yuma, Arizona the Wolfpack sharpened their skills as they readied to deploy to Iraq.

In January 2004, an unprecedented maintenance effort culminated in the launching and embarkation of sixteen aircraft aboard the USS Boxer for transport to the Persian Gulf. The squadronâ??s main body personnel joined the aircraft aboard ship in February. The Wolfpack carried eleven 13,000 pound tugs and offloaded HMM-261 from the USS Bataan before flying all sixteen aircraft 350 miles north to Al Asad Airbase in Central Iraq.

Operating with minimal logistics support, electricity, and communications, the Wolfpack adapted and became the first USMC frag-capable squadron in country for Combined Joint Task Force 7 (CJTF-7). While deployed, the squadron flew 3,774.9 hours, and transported over 8,530 passengers and 6.4 millions pounds of cargo in support Operation IRAQI FREEDOM II-1 (OIF). In addition, the squadron was recognized by the Secretary of the Navy for surpassing the 50,000 hour class â??Aâ?? mishap-free milestone during the deployment.

Upon returning home the Wolfpack took some much deserved leave and then settled into the stateside routine of training and preparing for another deployment. During the squadronâ??s homestead it supported two separate WTI classes, WTI 1-05 and 2-05, participated in Exercise DESERT TALON with MAWTS-1 in Yuma, Arizona, and conducted its own pre-deployment training to ready the squadron for another trip to Iraq.

On 21 September 2005 the Wolfpack departed Miramar for its deployment in support of OIF 04-06.2. The squadron hit the ground running and accomplished many missions to include High Value Individual (HVI), Very Important Person (VIP) lifts and raids like that of the Secretary of Defense in Amman, Jordan along with Tactical Bulk Fuel Delivery System (TBFDS) refueling missions, Tactical Recovery of Aircraft and Personnel via external lift, and general support of ground forces operating throughout Iraq. And on 18 February 2006 the Wolfpack achieved another noteworthy milestone by surpassing 60,000 class â??Aâ?? mishap-free flight hours.

With another successful deployment under their belt, the Wolfpack returned to Miramar and again began the preparation for another deployment.

In April 2007 the Wolfpack again departed CONUS for Al Asad, Iraq. Shortly into the deployment the squadron welcomed its four aircraft from the 13th MEU (SOC) as they were detached from the 13th MEU still operating in the Middle East to support Multi-National Forces-West (MNF-W) in Iraq, a first in the CH-53E community. Throughout the deployment the squadron completed a multitude of missions and safely returned home to MCAS Miramar in November of 2007 after flying an impressive 4,300 combat flight hours and 2,400 sorties, while transporting over 3.9 million pounds of cargo and 23,000 passengers. On 19 November, the squadron surpassed 70,000 Class-A mishap free flight hours.

December 2007 to September 2008 again marked the transition from post deployment back into the training regime for yet another OIF deployment. The Wolfpack completed five pilot and two enlisted NSI checks along with supporting WTI 2-08. In June 2008, not long into preparations for the upcoming deployment, the squadron paused to see off a four aircraft detachment that would join with HMM-163 to support the 13th MEU (SOC). 

In September 2008, the advanced party departed for Operation IRAQI FREEDOM. The squadronâ??s main body deployed in October 2008 and from Kuwait the squadron sent a four aircraft detachment to Kandahar, Afghanistan in support of the Special Purpose MAGTF â?? Afghanistan (SPMAGTF-A).  In support of OIF, HMH-466 sent four aircraft to Sahl Sinjar, Iraq where they participated in combat operations in the Ninawa Province as part of a hastily formed Helicopter borne Task Force (HTF). HMH-466 was the first heavy lift squadron to support combat operations in two operational theaters of war. 

In addition to combat operations in Ninawa Provence, the main body in OIF provided General Support (GS) to a multitude of other elements within Area of Operation (AO) Tripoli, primarily 1st Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion. This was in addition to the enduring General Support commitment for MNF-W in Al Anbar Provence.  Meanwhile in Afghanistan, the primary mission for HMH-466 Detachment B was General Support for the emerging SPMAGTF-A in the Helmand and Farah provinces. This meant that the majority of the missions were in support of the Ground Combat Element (GCE), Regimental Combat Team (RCT)-3 and 3rd Battalion 8th Marines.

The squadron returned from OIF and OEF in March 2009 and immediately began training for a nine month turnaround back to OEF.  Within 30 days of return, the squadron was tasked with a three aircraft division to support the then current Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps, General Amos. During the following months, the squadron conducted training at Creech AFB, supported WTI 2-09, and prepared for future deployments at Enhanced Mojave Viper (EMV), located at 29 Palms, California. 

In December 2009, the squadron received the order to deploy the advance party Marines to Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) three weeks ahead of schedule.  In truly Wolfpack fashion, the squadron enthusiastically prepared for the abbreviated deployment timeline sending 45 Marines to Afghanistan with the main body deploying just after the New Year.

In January 2010, HMH-466 took over heavy lift combat operations in Camp Bastion, Afghanistan in support of Operation ENDURING FREEDOM (OEF) 10.1.  In-theater integration began when the squadron was joined by HMH-464.  The newly formed cohesive combat unit, â??HMH-Americaâ??, immediately began preparing for Operation MOSHTARAK in Marjeh.  Operation MOSHTARAK was the largest helicopter borne raid of OEF requiring eight CH-53Eâ??s and an additional four CH-53Dâ??s.  HMH-America provided eight CH-53Eâ??s and inserted the Marines that began the liberation of the largest insurgent stronghold in the Helmand Province. HMH-466 participated in 21 other named operations in support of both US, Afghan, and British forces.

Also notable was the Tactical Recovery of Aircraft and/or Personnel (TRAP) missions conducted in Afghanistan.  For the first time a CH-53E recovered a 23,000 pound Joint Special Operations Task Force MH-47G Chinook near Kandahar, and a U.K. 18,000 pound Mk3 Merlin helicopter that crashed in a non-hostile event at a FOB in Nad e Ali. Throughout the deployment, over 35,700 passengers and nearly 8.5 million pounds of cargo, 5255 flight hours and 3,400 combat sorties were flown.

In August 2010, the squadron returned stateside from OEF and settled back into training operations. Joined by new pilots and aircrew, the squadron supported the 2010 Miramar Airshow, 2010 San Francisco Fleet week, EMV 1-11, a presidential visit to Los Angeles, and a MAG 16 led evaluation of the long range capability of the CH-53E to Fort Hunter Liggett, CA.  On 17 November 2010, the squadron surpassed the milestone of 80,000 flight hours without a Class-A mishap.

In 2011, the Wolfpack conducted several training and support operations to include the MCAS Yuma Airshow, WTI 2-11, San Francisco Fleet Week, and Operation Dawn Blitz aboard the USS Essex. In April, HMH-466 supported the President of the United States by flying two aircraft to San Francisco in support of Marine Helicopter Squadron 1 (HMX-1).

On 26 January 2012, the Wolfpack arrived at Camp Bastion, Afghanistan and took over heavy lift combat operations in support of OEF 12.1. The Wolfpack worked with British SAS and Australian Task Force 66 conducting drug interdiction operations and the transport of High Value Targets (HVT). These operations led to the seizure of over $10 million dollars worth of narcotic drugs. The squadron participated in Operation JAWS, a six month on going operation to improve security in the Helmand Province. In Operation UNITED HORIZON, the squadron contributed four of the twenty aircraft flown to transport 480 Marines to the Sangin Valley. In all, the Wolfpack flew 222 named operations, conducted 27 raids, logged 4,370 flight hours, and transported over 4.1 million pounds of cargo in OEF 12.1.

While operations were being conducted in Afghanistan, a detached element of HMH-466 was conducting operations with the 31st MEU in Okinawa, Japan. The highlight of the deployment was a long range raid exercise involving a four aircraft movement of over 900 miles from Okinawa to Camp Fuji, Japan. While deployed on the 31st MEU, HMH-466(-) flew for 458.7 hours and transported over 184,000 pounds of cargo.

On 8 June, the squadron returned from the 31st MEU.  At the end of August, the Wolfpack returned to a full 1.0 with the return of the main body from OEF and the squadron quickly transitioned into training for future operations.  In October, HMH-466 supported the Miramar Airshow with three aircraft, one of which participated in the Marine Air Ground Task Force (MAGTF) demonstration.  The Wolfpack continues to train in preparation for future combat operations.



Notable Persons
None
 
Reports To
Helicopter Units
 
Active Reporting Unit
None
 
Inactive Reporting Unit
None
 
573 Members Who Served in This Unit


 

  • Abbott, Ryan, Cpl, (2004-2007)
  • Adams, Anthony, LCpl, (1984-1987)
  • Adams, Kirby, Cpl, (1987-1991)
  • Adams, Kirby, Cpl, (1987-1991)
  • Adams, Robert, PFC, (1994-1997)
  • Adams, Ulysses, Cpl, (1996-2000)
  • Ahmed, Hytham, Sgt, (2007-Present)
  • Allen, Donald, GySgt, (1971-1994)
  • Alpha, James, GySgt, (1987-2007)
  • Alvino, Adderly, Cpl, (2016-2021)
  • Amposta, Joey, Cpl, (1989-1995)
  • Annand, Douglas, Sgt, (2007-Present)
  • Antongiorgi, Alexander, Sgt, (2006-Present)
  • Apedaile, Ronald, GySgt, (1994-Present)
  • Aponte, Nestor, SSgt, (2002-Present)
  • Archer, Buck, Cpl, (2009-2013)
  • Arno, Darius, Cpl, (2007-Present)
  • Ayachi, Ramzy, Maj, (1994-2014)
  • Ayles Jr, Richard, Cpl, (2000-2006)
  • Babeluck, Dave, SSgt, (1996-Present)
  • Bacon, Michael, Cpl, (2000-2006)
  • Badgley, Steve, Sgt, (1992-2001)
  • Baker, Samuel, SSgt, (1990-2008)
  • Barger, Leanne, Cpl, (1994-1999)
  • Barnes, Phil, MGySgt, (1961-1989)
  • Barnes, Richard, LtCol, (1993-2016)
  • Barreda, Victor, LCpl, (2002-2010)
  • Barton, John (Jason), MSgt, (2000-2021)
  • Bassett, Lee, MSgt, (1981-2004)
  • BAUMAN, MATTHEW, Capt, (1997-2008)
  • Baur, Christopher, GySgt, (1994-2007)
  • Baur, MariGrace, Sgt, (1996-2001)
  • Bean, Daniel, SSgt, (2000-2008)
  • Bebout, Jeffrey, SSgt, (1993-2008)
  • Benavides, Hector, Sgt, (1991-2001)
  • Bey, Raymond, SSgt, (1983-2003)
  • Bird, Jeremy, SSgt, (2005-Present)
  • Bixby, Jeff, Sgt, (1978-1987)
  • Blanck, Bruce, Cpl, (1983-1990)
  • Bledsoe, Ernest, Sgt, (1977-1991)
  • Block, Joshua, Sgt, (2008-Present)
  • Bogan, Ryan, Sgt, (2001-Present)
  • Booth, Ralph, GySgt, (1997-Present)
 
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Battle/Operations History Detail
 
Description
In the context of the Iraq War, the surge refers to United States President George W. Bush's 2007 increase in the number of American troops in order to provide security to Baghdad and Al Anbar Province.

The surge had been developed under the working title "The New Way Forward" and it was announced in January 2007 by Bush during a television speech. Bush ordered the deployment of more than 20,000 soldiers into Iraq, five additional brigades, and sent the majority of them into Baghdad. He also extended the tour of most of the Army troops in country and some of the Marines already in the Anbar Province area. The President described the overall objective as establishing a "...unified, democratic federal Iraq that can govern itself, defend itself, and sustain itself, and is an ally in the War on Terror." The major element of the strategy was a change in focus for the US military "to help Iraqis clear and secure neighborhoods, to help them protect the local population, and to help ensure that the Iraqi forces left behind are capable of providing the security". The President stated that the surge would then provide the time and conditions conducive to reconciliation among political and ethnic factions.

Units deployed
The five U.S. Army brigades committed to Iraq as part of the surge were

2nd Brigade, 82nd Airborne Division (Infantry): 3,447 troops. Deployed to Baghdad, January 2007
4th Brigade, 1st Infantry Division (Infantry): 3,447 troops. Deployed to Baghdad, February 2007
3rd Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division (Heavy): 3,784 troops. Deployed to southern Baghdad Belts, March 2007
4th Brigade, 2nd Infantry Division (Stryker): 3,921 troops. Deployed to Diyala province, April 2007
2nd Brigade, 3rd Infantry Division (Heavy): 3,784 troops. Deployed to the southeast of Baghdad, May 2007
This brought the number of U.S. brigades in Iraq from 15 to 20. Additionally, 4,000 Marines in Al Anbar had their 7-month tour extended. These included Marines from the 13th Marine Expeditionary Unit, 31st Marine Expeditionary Unit, the 2nd Battalion 4th Marines, the 1st Battalion 6th Marines and the 3rd Battalion, 4th Marines. Most of the 150,000 Army personnel had their 12-month tours extended as well. By July, 2007, the percentage of the mobilized Army deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan was almost 30%; the percentage of the mobilized Marine Corps deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan was 13.5%.[55]

Operations
The plan began with a major operation to secure Baghdad, codenamed Operation Fardh al-Qanoon (Operation Imposing Law), which was launched in February 2007. However, only in mid-June 2007, with the full deployment of the 28,000 additional U.S. troops, could major counter-insurgency efforts get fully under way. Operation Phantom Thunder was launched throughout Iraq on June 16, with a number of subordinate operations targeting insurgents in Diyala province, Anbar province and the southern Baghdad Belts. The additional surge troops also participated in Operation Phantom Strike and Operation Phantom Phoenix, named after the III "Phantom" Corps which was the major U.S. unit in Iraq throughout 2007.

Counterinsurgency strategy
Counterinsurgency strategy in Iraq changed significantly under the command of General Petraeus since the 2007 troop surge began. The newer approach attempted to win the hearts and minds of the Iraqi people through building relationships, preventing civilian casualties and compromising with and even hiring some former enemies. The new strategy was population-centric in that it focused in protecting the population rather than killing insurgents. In implementing this strategy, Petraeus used experienced gained while commanding the 101st Airborne Division in Mosul in 2003. He also explained these ideas extensively in Field Manual 3-24: Counterinsurgency, which he assisted in the writing of while serving as the Commanding General of Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, and the U.S. Army Combined Arms Center (CAC) located there.

Instead of seeing every Iraqi as a potential enemy, the current COIN strategy focuses on building relationships and getting cooperation from the Iraqis against Al Qaeda and minimizing the number of enemies for U.S. forces. The belief is that maintaining a long term presence of troops in a community improves security and allows for relationships and trust to develop between the locals and the U.S. military. Civilian casualties are minimized by carefully measured use of force. This means less bombing and overwhelming firepower, and more soldiers using restraint and even sometimes taking more risk in the process.

Another method of gaining cooperation is by paying locals, including former insurgents, to work as local security forces. Former Sunni insurgents have been hired by the U.S. military to stop cooperating with Al Qaeda and to start fighting against them.

To implement this strategy, troops were concentrated in the Baghdad area (at the time, Baghdad accounted for 50% of all the violence in Iraq).[64] Whereas in the past, Coalition forces isolated themselves from Iraqis by living in large forward operating bases far from population centers,[65] troops during the surge lived among the Iraqis, operating from joint security stations (JSSs) located within Baghdad itself and shared with Iraqi security forces. Coalition units were permanently assigned to a given area so that they could build long-term relationships with the local Iraqi population and security forces.

However, opponents to occupation such as US Army Col. David H. Hackworth (Ret.), asked whether he thought that British soldiers are better at nation-building than the Americans, said "They were very good at lining up local folks to do the job like operating the sewers and turning on the electricity. Far better than us -- we are heavy-handed, and in Iraq we don't understand the people and the culture. Thus we did not immediately employ locals in police and military activities to get them to build and stabilize their nation."

CNN war correspondent Michael Ware, who has reported from Iraq since before the U.S. invasion in 2003 had a similar dim view of occupation saying, "there will be very much mixed reaction in Iraq” to a long-term troop presence, but he added, “what’s the point and will it be worth it?” Mr. Ware contended that occupation could, "ferment further resentment [towards the U.S]."

Results
Security situation

Hostile and Non-Hostile Deaths.
Despite a massive security crackdown in Baghdad associated with the surge in coalition troop strength, the monthly death toll in Iraq rose 15% in March 2007. 1,869 Iraqi civilians were killed and 2,719 were wounded in March, compared to 1,646 killed and 2,701 wounded in February. In March, 165 Iraqi policemen were killed against 131 the previous month, while 44 Iraqi soldiers died compared to 29 in February. US military deaths in March were nearly double those of the Iraqi army, despite Iraqi forces leading the security crackdown in Baghdad. The death toll among insurgent militants fell to 481 in March, compared to 586 killed in February; however, the number of arrests jumped to 5,664 in March against 1,921 in February.

Three months after the start of the surge, troops controlled less than a third of the capital, far short of the initial goal, according to an internal military assessment completed in May 2007. Violence was especially chronic in mixed Shiite-Sunni neighborhoods in western Baghdad. Improvements had not yet been widespread or lasting across Baghdad.

Significant attack trends.
On September 10, 2007, David Petraeus delivered his part of the Report to Congress on the Situation in Iraq. He concluded that "the military objectives of the surge are, in large measure, being met." He cited what he called recent consistent declines in security incidents, which he attributed to recent blows dealt against Al-Qaeda in Iraq during the surge. He added that "we have also disrupted Shia militia extremists, capturing the head and numerous other leaders of the Iranian-supported Special Groups, along with a senior Lebanese Hezbollah operative supporting Iran's activities in Iraq." He argued that Coalition and Iraqi operations had drastically reduced ethno-sectarian violence in the country, though he stated that the gains were not entirely even. He recommended a gradual drawdown of U.S. forces in Iraq with a goal of reaching pre-surge troop levels by July 2008 and stated that further withdraws would be "premature."

Sectarian violence.
While Petraeus credited the surge for the decrease in violence, the decrease also closely corresponded with a cease-fire order given by Iraqi political leader Muqtada al-Sadr on August 29, 2007. Al-Sadr's order, to stand down for six months, was distributed to his loyalists following the deaths of more than 50 Shia Muslim pilgrims during fighting in Karbala the day earlier.

Michael E. O'Hanlon and Jason H. Campbell of the Brookings Institution stated on December 22, 2007 that Iraq’s security environment had reached its best levels since early 2004 and credited Petraeus' strategy for the improvement. CNN stated that month that the monthly death rate for US troops in Iraq had hit its second lowest point during the entire course of the war. Military representatives attributed the successful reduction of violence and casualties directly to the troop surge. At the same time, the Iraqi Ministry of Interior reported similar reductions for civilian deaths.

Iraqi Security Force deaths.
However, on September 6, 2007, a report by an independent military commission headed by General James Jones found that the decrease in violence may have been due to areas being overrun by either Shias or Sunnis. In addition, in August 2007, the International Organization for Migration and the Iraqi Red Crescent Organization indicated that more Iraqis had fled since the troop increase.

On February 16, 2008, Iraqi Defense Minister Abdel Qader Jassim Mohammed told reporters that the surge was "working very well" and that Iraq has a "pressing" need for troops to stay to secure Iraqi borders.[76] He stated that "Results for 2007 prove that– Baghdad is good now".

In June 2008, the U.S. Department of Defense reported that "the security, political and economic trends in Iraq continue to be positive; however, they remain fragile, reversible and uneven."

U.S. troop fatalities in Iraq by month, the orange and blue months being post-troop surge.
In the month of July, 2008, US forces lost only 13 soldiers, the lowest number of casualties sustained by US troops in one month since the invasion of Iraq in 2003. Also, a report by the U.S. embassy in Baghdad, given to Congress in May 2008, and published July 1, stated that the Iraqi government had met 15 of the 18 political benchmarks set out for them.
 
BattleType
Battle
Country
Iraq
 
Parent
Operation Iraqi Freedom
CreatedBy
Not Specified
 
Start Month
1
End Month
12
 
Start Year
2007
End Year
2008
 

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